Factors responsible for cancer: American Cancer Society identifies 6 factors linked to nearly half of cancer cases | – Times of India

Cancer Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a complex problem that affects millions of people worldwide. It claims many lives each year, but some risk factors are within our control. By acting on these modifiable factors through healthier lifestyles (quitting smoking, eating nutritious foods, staying active, using sunscreen, and moderating alcohol consumption), we can significantly reduce the incidence of cancer and save lives.
A new study published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, the cancer journal’s flagship American Cancer Society Nearly 50% of all cancer cases can be prevented by changing six risk factors.
The American Cancer Society study stated: Lung cancer had the greatest number of cancer cases (201,660) and deaths (122,740) attributable to risk factors assessed, followed by female breast cancer (83,840 cases), cutaneous melanoma (82,710), and colorectal cancer (78,440) for attributable cases, and colorectal cancer (25,800 deaths), liver cancer (14,720), and esophageal cancer (13,600) for attributable deaths. A large number of cancer cases and deaths in the United States are attributable to risk factors that are potentially modifiable risk factors.
Potential risk factors

In total, the researchers analyzed 18 modifiable risk factors across 30 types of cancer.

One of the ultimate solutions to reduce the risk of cancer: QUIT SMOKING

Smoking appears to be the most important modifiable risk factor for cancer, implicated in nearly 20% of cancer cases and nearly one-third of cancer-related deaths. Its impact extends to several types of cancer, primarily lung cancer, but also extends to others such as bladder, throat, and pancreatic cancers. The negative impact of tobacco smoke is multifaceted, ranging from the direct introduction of carcinogens into the body to the promotion of genetic mutations and the alteration of immune function, thus promoting the development and progression of tumors.

Excess body weight contributes significantly to cancer incidence

Obesity is associated with increased risks of colorectal, breast (postmenopausal), and esophageal cancers, among others. Excess weight isn’t just a number on a scale: it dramatically impacts cancer treatment and outcomes in several profound ways. When we’re overweight, our bodies undergo complex changes that can fuel cancer growth and make treatment more difficult.

Excess body fat produces hormones and growth factors that promote inflammation and cell proliferation, creating an environment conducive to cancer development and progression. For example, in breast cancer, adipose tissue can increase estrogen levels, which can stimulate hormone receptor-positive tumors.
Additionally, obesity can complicate treatment of the cancer itself. Surgical procedures may be more technically challenging and carry higher risks, such as wound complications or infections. Radiation therapy may be less effective in obese patients because of difficulties in precisely targeting tumors and increased toxicity to surrounding healthy tissue. Chemotherapy doses may need to be adjusted because the distribution of the drug in fat tissue can alter its effectiveness.
Fortunately, even modest weight loss can make a significant difference.

Alcohol consumption is another notable risk factor.

Alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing cancers of the liver, mouth, throat, and breast. Its effects on cancer treatment are profound and often overlooked. The link between alcohol and cancer is well established: even moderate drinking increases the risk of several cancers, including those of the mouth, throat, liver, breast, and colon.
During cancer treatment, alcohol can interfere with the body’s ability to heal and recover. For example, it can weaken the immune system, making it harder to fight infections or recover from surgery. Alcohol also impacts how medications are metabolized by the body, potentially reducing the effectiveness of chemotherapy or increasing the risk of side effects.

Liver cancer in particular is directly linked to alcohol consumption. Excessive alcohol consumption over time can lead to cirrhosis, which increases the risk of developing liver cancer. In people undergoing treatment for liver cancer, alcohol consumption can worsen liver damage and complicate recovery.
Reducing alcohol consumption or abstaining completely can significantly improve cancer treatment outcomes.

Physical inactivity linked to increased cancer risk

Physical inactivity is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for cancer. While exercise is recognized for its cardiovascular and muscular benefits, its role in reducing cancer risk is equally crucial. Sedentary lifestyles contribute to a higher likelihood of developing several types of cancer, including colon, breast (postmenopausal), and endometrial cancers.

The mechanisms that link physical inactivity to cancer risk are multiple. Regular physical activity helps regulate hormones such as insulin and estrogen, both of which can promote cancer growth when levels are chronically high. Physical exercise promotes a healthy immune system, which is essential for detecting and eliminating early cancer cells before they can proliferate.
Physical activity plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy weight. Obesity, often the result of lack of exercise, is a major risk factor for many cancers. Exercise helps burn excess calories, reduce fat tissue, and maintain muscle mass, all of which help reduce overall cancer risk.

It promotes better circulation and tissue oxygenation, which can reduce inflammation, a common denominator in many chronic diseases, including cancer. Better circulation also improves nutrient delivery and waste removal from cells, promoting overall cellular health and resilience to cancerous changes.
Incorporating regular physical activity into your daily routine doesn’t require extreme measures. Even moderate activities like brisk walking, swimming, or biking can make a difference. Small changes, like taking the stairs instead of the elevator or scheduling short exercise breaks throughout the day, can gradually increase your physical activity level and reduce your risk of cancer. By prioritizing movement and regular exercise, individuals can significantly improve their overall health and reduce their risk of developing cancer later in life.

Infections such as HPV (human papillomavirus) increase the risk of cancer

Infections like human papillomavirus (HPV) are directly linked to an increased risk of developing several types of cancer. HPV is a common virus that is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, most often during sexual activity. Although the body’s immune system can often clear HPV infections without any symptoms, persistent infections with high-risk HPV strains can lead to cellular changes that can develop into cancer over time.

HPV is particularly associated with cervical cancer, almost all of which are caused by persistent infection with high-risk HPV types. The virus can also cause cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx (the middle part of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils).
HPV vaccination has been shown to be highly effective in preventing infections with the most common cancer-causing strains of the virus. The HPV vaccine is recommended for boys and girls before they become sexually active, ideally between the ages of 9 and 12, as this is when it provides the best immune response. Regular screenings, such as cervical cancer smears, can detect precancerous changes early, allowing for prompt intervention and treatment.

“These findings reinforce the idea that premature cancer morbidity and mortality in the United States can be substantially reduced through broad and equitable implementation of known preventive initiatives, such as cigarette excise taxes to reduce smoking, screening and treatment for HCV infection, and HCV vaccination. HPV infection“, the researchers said.
How to achieve these changes?
Reducing your risk of cancer through lifestyle changes requires taking concrete steps that everyone can take. Start by quitting smoking, which is probably the most effective action. Seek support from friends, family, or smoking cessation programs—it’s hard but incredibly rewarding for your health. Next, maintain a healthy weight by eating a balanced diet and getting regular exercise. Aim for a diet rich in colorful fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, while limiting processed foods, sugars, and fats.

Stay active! Find activities that you enjoy, whether it’s walking, dancing or playing sports: these all help reduce your risk of cancer. Limit your alcohol consumption: moderation is key to reducing the risk of cancers such as breast and liver. Protect yourself from the sun with sunscreen, hats and clothing to prevent skin cancer.
Get vaccinated against viruses like HPV and hepatitis B, which can cause certain cancers. Regular checkups and check-ups are also essential: early detection saves lives. Always remember that small changes add up. Gradually incorporate these steps into your routine for lasting benefits. Your choices today can have a significant impact on your cancer risk tomorrow. Get informed and take charge of your health!